Київська вокальна школа в контексті національних культурних традицій

Abstract

Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню київської вокальної школи академічного сольного співу з моменту її зародження до сучасного стану, окреслено основні тенденції розвитку. Розглянуто передумови появи школи, еволюційний шлях подано у вигляді низки взаємопов’язаних етапів з підкресленням ролі головних персоналій кожного періоду. Дослідження містить аналіз педагогічних методів корифеїв школи - O. Мишуги, O, Муравйової, М. Донець-Тессейр, Д. Євтушенко, О. Гродзинського та інших, а спільними творчими принципами названо органічне поєднання традицій світових шкіл з етнічною самобутністю українського співу, свідоме відношення до психофізіологічних процесів, які відбуваються в організмі під час співу, невпинне самовдосконалення, успішне співвідношення концертної, педагогічної та громадської діяльності. На основі аналізу камерно-вокального та оперного доробку відомих співаків, визначено стильові риси київської вокальної школи.

The thesis is devoted to research of the Kyiv vocal school of academic solo singing from its origin to the present state, the main tendencies of development are outlined. Starting conditions for the emergence of the school are considered and its evolutionary path is presented in a series of interrelated stages, emphasizing the role of the main characters of each period.The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time in national Art Studies Kyiv vocal school is being systematically investigated as an Art phenomenon of the world vocal tradition, the stylistic features of chamber vocal and opera performance of its leading representatives are determined. The paper describes systematic nature of national school development, inspired by the achievements of Italian and Russian schools, enriched by the achievements of prominent Ukrainian singers and educators. Kyiv vocal school gained significant development in the first half of the 20th century, when vocal departments appeared at the School of Music and Drama (1904) and the Kyiv Conservatory (1913). Ukrainian artists are involved in the foundations of the national singing school along with foreign singers and teachers. The thesis contains an analysis of the creative and pedagogical methods of school luminaries – O. Mishuha, O. Muravyova, M. Donets-Tessair, D. Yevtushenko, O. Hrodzynskyi and others. Although each of them had their own approach to nurturing young talents, a number of common creative principles served as a unifying factor. Among them are the integrated combination of world school traditions with the Ukrainian, singing ethnic identity, conscious attitude to the psychophysiological processes that occur in а -body during singing, unceasing self-improvement, successful correlation of concert, pedagogical and social activities. In the thesis considerable attention is paid to the definition of style traits and performance features of Kyiv school singers. For this purpose, the chamber-vocal sphere of famous singers was analyzed and it was proved that all of them had a distinctive "Ukrainian intonation", which firmly entered the system of expressive means and became the main stylistic feature of their art. First of all, it concerns a unique way of intonation, special sound levels and rhythmic sensations. The study of the peculiarities of opera performance was carried out on the example of the activity of world famous singers – E. Miroshnychenko, D. Hnatyuk, M. Kondratyuk and A. Kocherha. The analysis makes it possible to identify the main creative tasks that artists have set themselves. Among them, first of all is achieving balance in the ratio of "singer-actor", a deep dive into the psychological world of the hero, profuseness of performance, constant enrichment of their inner world and coordinated cooperation with all the participants of the process. The analysis performed in the thesis makes it possible to explain the phenomenon of Kyiv school of solo singing, which comprises the trinity of its sources, such as spiritual music and strong folk tradition in combination with the achievements of leading Western European schools. Rapid development of Kyiv vocal school is a natural result of musical and historical processes and a successful attempt to combine the principles of intonation of Ukrainian folk songs with the traditional performing principles of academic vocal. Colorful in terms of scientific and pedagogical concepts as well as stylistic features, Kyiv school of solo academic singing has all the hallmarks of an artistic phenomenon within European and world vocal arts.